Samuel Clemens The Father Of American Literature

American Literature is a literary genre that is one of the many branches formed from the much broader literary genre, English Literature. Stories such as The Great Gatsby, Of Mice and Men, The Crucible, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are all popular examples of American Literature. Many of the most well-known written works of American Literature can be funneled back to one person, Samuel Clemens. Many people might say, who is Samuel Clemens? However, if they are informed of his â€Å"pen† name, they may form connections. Clemens wrote under the â€Å"pen† name, Mark Twain. According to the Oxford University Press, it was in 1863 in which Samuel Clemens starting signing as Mark Twain. Clemens derived his name from â€Å"a river term meaning two fathoms†¦show more content†¦This novel is primarily about a boy, Tom, and his friend, Huck, who live in St. Petersburg along the Mississippi River. Their story is full of adventure such as witnessing a murder, catchin g a thief, and finding a large treasure. What makes this book unique, is the way in which Mark Twain incorporates the feeling of freedom and childhood into it. By doing this he reinforces what it means to be an American. Because this novel was one of the first to tell a reader about the life of an American, it was the reason Mark Twain is called â€Å"The father of American Literature†. Much of the uniqueness that is found in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is also found in its’ partner novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain is special in a way that he was able to incorporate the sense of freedom into a book while also addressing the topic of racism and slavery(Ziff-Oxford). Many of Twain’s literary works function as multi-purpose when it comes to addressing historical topics. According to the Minnesota English Standards, by the end of eleventh grade, students should have actively read multiple documents about historical events and their affects (Minnesota English). Because of the way in which Mark Twain revolves many of his works around historical events, he fulfills these standards and therefore, should be taught more in high schools, as a way to get more practice in these areas. Mark Twain has wrote a multitudeShow MoreRelatedEssay about Mark Twain1654 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain Mark Twain is believed to be the father of all American literature. Twain was known for writing about issues of his time such as slavery, due to his style of honesty and truth he was known as one of the very first modernist writers. Mark Twain had many inspirations that motivated him to write his novels. The inspirations varied from events that he witnessed and experienced, people he met in his lifetime, other stories he read or heard about, and his environment. The writer knownRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Mark Twain in American Literature840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Mark Twain in American Literature Mark Twain is important to American literature because of his novels and how they portray the American experience. Some of his best selling novels were Innocents Abroad, Life on the Mississippi, Huckleberry Finn, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. In these books, Mark Twain recalls his own adventures of steamboating on the Mississippi River. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in a small village of Florida, MissouriRead More Samuel Langhorne Clemens Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Langhorne Clemens Samuel Langhorne Clemens or commonly known as Mark Twain was an American writer and humorist. Twain’s writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of bad faith and oppression. Clemens was born in Florida and then later on moved to Hannibal, Missouri, a Mississippi river port, when he was four years old. There he received a public school education. After his father died in 1847, Clemens was assisted to two Hannibal printersRead MoreMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 Pagesof Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southern society. Clemens grew up to travel the world and write many successful and failed novels, along with many other types of literature. Receiving his education on the Mississippi, Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which pointed out the flaws of America and became masterpieces in Amer ican Literature. Samuel L. Clemens grew up along the MississippiRead MoreAgainst The Assault Of Laughter Nothing Can Stand827 Words   |  4 Pages - Samuel Clemens Samuel Langhorne Clemens, also known as Mark Twain, was born November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri, the sixth of seven children. An American writer, journalist, and humorist, he is remembered for the novels surrounding the world beside the Mississippi River, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and always legendary Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). Clemens was lauded the greatest American humorist of his age and William Faulkner called Twain the father of AmericanRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Mark Twain1322 Words   |  6 PagesSamuel Langhorne Clemens was born on November 30, 1835. Clemons grew up in a town called Hannibal, Missouri. Here Sam Clemens saw an array of different type of people pass through his town. People such as: gamblers, entertainers, thieves, and even slave traders that influenced his childhood memories. We see traces of his rugged hometown deeply embedded with southern tradition. Clemens was known as a mischievous boy that smoked, led o f crew of pranksters, and often played hooky from school. AtRead MoreThe Man Known as Mark Twain1188 Words   |  5 PagesMark Twain The man known as Mark Twain was born Samuel Clemens in Florida, Missouri on April 30, 1835. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens. Little did they know their son (as Mark Twain) would be one of Americas most famous literary icons. Samuel got the name Mark Twain from the current of the river. He loved the rivers and everything about it. Mark Twains writing style was heavily influenced by the people and areaRead MoreWho Is Mark Twain? Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesWashington of American Literature. His name was Mark Twain and he was Americas most famous literary icon, publishing 28 pieces. He was born on Nov. 30, 1835 as Samuel L. Clemens in the little town of Florida, Mo. He was the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens (Quirk). As a young child Clemens had poor health and stayed inside most of the time, causing all sorts of mischief. Spending most of his time with his mother he caught her sense of humor. Later in his life Clemens asked his motherRead MoreThe Pen Name Of Samuel Langhorne Clemens933 Words   |  4 PagesMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the most famous writers of American Literature. He was born on November 30, 1835, in the tiny Midwestern village of Florida, Missouri. He was the sixth child of John and Jane Clemens. As a four year old, his family moved to Hannibal and he began to become exposed to the social and financial problems of his era when. Hannibal was a small town near the Mississippi River where his father his uncle owned slaves. Twain created his own opinionsRead MoreA Brief Biography of Mark Twain668 Words   |  3 PagesNovember. 30, 1835 in the small town of Florida, MO. Mark’s birth name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. In 1839, the Clemens family moved 35 miles east to the town of Hannibal, in Mississippi. Mark kept to himself and in doors in his early years because of poor health and sickness. That was the case until he became years of age. He recovered from his illness and started playing outside with the rest of the children. Growing up his Father was a judge and worked a lot. He also attended private school. Sadly

My Business Project Is About Entrepreneurship - 2077 Words

Introduction: My business project is about entrepreneurship. It explains in depth what it is and gives many different aspects of it like: qualities, contribution to the economy, disadvantages and advantages, South African entrepreneurship and statistics, etc. The other part of my project is about a famous entrepreneur called Elon Musk - he is known as the ‘21st century Innovator’. I will illustrate his success story, all the products he’s designed and how he’s â€Å"shaping our future†. This project has taught me about the qualities that entrepreneurs possess. Definition of Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is officially defined as the â€Å"capacity and willingness to develop, organise and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit.† It is a method of starting a new business, designing products or services that will be sold and launched either in the form of a product or service to make a profit. 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Sunshine Chapter 11 Free Essays

string(89) " response feels like it ought to be something like passing the salt or closing the door\." Silence fell. Some things hadn’t changed. â€Å"Bo is looking for me,† I said at last. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Yes,† he said. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said humbly, â€Å"I don’t know what to do. I†¦I†¦All I did was drive out to the lake, that night, and everything else†¦I’m sorry,† I said again, a little wildly, and only too aware of the irony: â€Å"I don’t want to die, you know?† â€Å"Yes,† he said again. This time I heard the pause as one of those â€Å"you’re not going to like this† pauses. â€Å"Bo is looking for me too,† he said. â€Å"When he finds me, he will be careful to destroy me. Last time was theatrics. This time he will take no chances.† Well, that was the most cheering news I’d heard all week. Even better than ghastly revelations about the possible truth of my genetic composition. No one really understands genetics any more than anyone really understands world economics, and what I’d been guessing might not be true. I could just worry about it for the rest of my life. If I was going to have a rest of my life. As guaranteed bad news, vampires are a much surer bet. Great. Spartan. Let’s have a party. â€Å"Oh,† I said carefully. I looked into what was probably a short, bleak future, and realized that one of the reasons I’d been glad to see that dark shape in the chair was that with him here, for the first time since I’d come home after those nights at the lake I’d felt maybe†¦not totally clueless and overwhelmed. Yes, he’d been the one shackled to the ballroom wall with me, but they’d been afraid of him. Twelve against one, and him chained to the wall, and they were afraid. The fact that they’d caught him could have been some kind of trick. It happened. Presumably among vampires too. And now he was saying that he was out of his depth too. That it was hopeless. I wanted some nice human equivocation and denial. No, no, it’ll be all right! The table knife was an ugly accident! And by the way you’re not going to morph into an axe murderer! Rescuing the odd vampire from destruction had already fulfilled my bad-gene quota of antisocial behavior. Please. â€Å"Why does he hate you so much?† I said. The silence went on for a while, but I could wait. What else was there to do? Walk outside and shout, â€Å"Here I am!†? I might be due for a short, squalid future, but as a basic principle I was going to hold on to what there was of it. He hadn’t refused to answer yet. â€Å"It’s a long story,† he said at last. â€Å"We are nearly the same age. There are different ways of being what we are. Mine is one way. His is another. Mine, it turns out, has certain advantages. If others perhaps thought the implications through, some things might be different. Bo does not wish anyone to think those implications through. Destroying me is a way to erase the evidence. Plus that he does not care for me to have advantages no longer available to him.† This was interesting, and under other circumstances would have made me curious. Constantine couldn’t be very old – by vampire standards – only young vampires can go out in strong moonlight, like tonight. Middle-aged ones can go out when the moon is young or old enough. Later middle-aged ones can only go outdoors when there is no moon. Really old ones can’t be outdoors under the open sky at all, with any possibility of the dimmest reflected sunlight touching them. That was one of the reasons older ones began running gangs. If they survived to be old they’d also developed other powers. â€Å"He has another urgent reason, now. If he does not destroy me, he will lose control of his gang. Bo likes ruling. It is also necessary to him that he rule – to do with those advantages I possess and he does not. And while as the leader of his gang he is much more powerful than I am, alone, I am the stronger.† â€Å"And you don’t run a gang,† I said. â€Å"No.† I thought of saying, So, what now, do we hold hands and jump? How long a fall can a vampire walk away from? How high do we have to climb first? A mere almost-human pretty reliably goes splat after about four stories, I think. I was beginning to feel sorry that he’d come. No. I’d rather jump out a window and get it over with fast than fall into Bo’s clutches again. I was merely resisting the idea that jumping was my best choice. â€Å"I have thought of it a good deal, these last weeks,† he was saying, â€Å"for I knew what happened at the lake would not be the end. Not with Bo. I also know that singly you and I have no chance.† I do wish you’d stop saying that, I thought. â€Å"But together,† he continued, â€Å"we may have a chance. It is not a good chance, but it is a chance. I do not like it. You cannot like it. I do not understand what it is that you do, and have done. I am not sure we will be able to work together, even if we attempt it. Even if we are each other’s only chance.† He was sitting in the darkness beyond the moonlight, and I could not see his face. I could – a little – see movement as he spoke; vampires also speak by moving their mouths. But this conversation was a little too like talking to a figment of your own imagination. Your darkest, spookiest, most bottom-of-your-unconscious-where-the-monsters-lurk imagination. Even the shadow in the chair was half-imaginary. No it wasn’t. There’s really no mistaking the presence of a vampire in the room. â€Å"Will you help me?† he said. It is very peculiar being asked a life-or-death question in a tone of voice that has no tone in it. Emotionally speaking the response feels like it ought to be something like passing the salt or closing the door. You read "Sunshine Chapter 11" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Oh,† I said intelligently. â€Å"Ah – er. Well. Yes. Certainly. Since you put it so persuasively.† There was a pause, and then there was a brief noise that, mercifully also briefly, unhinged my spine. He had laughed. â€Å"Forgive my persuasiveness,† he said. â€Å"I would spare you if I could. I do not wish this any more than you do.† â€Å"No,† I said thoughtfully. â€Å"I don’t suppose you do.† If I’d been honest I suppose what I’d really wanted him to do was say, â€Å"Oh don’t worry about it. This is vampire business and I’ll take care of it.† Dream on. â€Å"So,† I said. I didn’t want to know, but I guessed I should make an effort. â€Å"What do we do now?† â€Å"We start,† he said, and paused. I recognized this as the middle of an unfinished sentence, and not one of his cryptic pronouncements, and waited. Then there was a funny breathing noise that I translated provisionally as a sigh. Vampires don’t breathe right, why should they sigh right? But maybe it means vampires can feel frustration. Noted. â€Å"We start by my trying to discover what assistance I can give you.† Somehow this didn’t sound like the usual movie-adventure sort of â€Å"I’ll keep you covered while you reload† assistance. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"We must face Bo at night. Your abilities would not get us past the guards that protect his days.† I didn’t even consider asking what those guards might be. â€Å"Humans are at great disadvantage at night. I think I may be able to grant you certain dispensations.† Dispensations. I liked that. Vampire as fairy godmother. Or godfather. Pity he couldn’t dispense me from getting killed. â€Å"You mean like being able to see in the dark or something.† â€Å"Yes. I mean exactly that.† â€Å"Oh.† If I could see in the dark I would never again have to trip over the threshold of the bathroom door on the way to have a pee at midnight. If I lived long enough to need to. â€Å"I will have to touch you,† he said. Okay, I told myself. He’s not going to forget himself and eat me because he comes a few feet closer. I thought of the second night in the ballroom: Sit a little distance from the corner – yes, nearer me. Remember that three feet more or less makes no difference to me: you might as well. And he’d carried me something like forty-five miles. And only about the first forty-two of them had been in daylight. And somehow pointing out that I now was in bed and wearing nothing but a nightgown and would like to get up and put some clothes on first, please, was worse than not mentioning my inappropriate-for-receiving-visitors state of undress. So I didn’t mention it. â€Å"Okay,† I said. That fluid, inhuman motion again, as he stood up and stepped toward me. I’d forgotten that too – forgotten how strange it is. How ominous. Too fluid for anything human. For anything alive. He sat down near me on the bed. The bed dipped, as if from ordinary human weight. I pulled my feet up and turned toward him, but I did it carelessly, more conscious of him than of anything else – which is to say, more carelessly than I had learned to move over the last two months, carelessly so that the gash on my breast didn’t just seep a little, but cracked open along its full length, as if it were being cut into me for the first time. I couldn’t help it: it hurt: I gave a little gasp. And he hissed. It was a terrifying noise, and I had slammed myself back into the pillows and headboard before I had a chance to think anything at all, to think that I couldn’t get away from him even if I wanted to, to think that he had declared us allies. To think that there might be any other reason for a sound like that one but that he was a vampire and I was alive and streaming with fresh blood. â€Å"Stop,† he said in what passed for his normal voice. â€Å"I offer you no harm. Tell me about the blood on your breast.† He didn’t linger on the word â€Å"blood.† I muttered, â€Å"It won’t heal. It’s been like this for two months.† He wasn’t as good at waiting as I was. â€Å"Go on,† he said immediately. I’d stopped shrugging in the last two months too: you can’t shrug without pulling at the skin below your collarbones. â€Å"I don’t know. It doesn’t heal. It seems to close over and then splits again. The doctor put stitches in it a couple of times, gave me stuff to put on it. Nothing works. It just splits open again. It’s a nuisance but I have been kind of learning to live with it. Like I had a choice. This is – er – worse than usual. Sorry. It’s only a shallow gash. You may – er – remember.† â€Å"I remember,† he said. â€Å"Show me.† I managed not to say, What? It took me a minute to gather my dignity as well as my courage, and my hands were shaking a little when I raised them to unbutton the top two buttons of my nightgown, and peel the edges back so he could see the bony space below my collarbones and above the swell of my bosom, where the blood now ran down in a thin ragged curtain from the wicked curved mouth of the long ugly slash. I barely flinched when he reached out a hand and touched the blood with his finger and†¦tasted it. Then I closed my eyes. â€Å"I offer you no harm,† he said again, gently. â€Å"Sunshine. Open your eyes.† I opened them. â€Å"The wound is poisoned,† he said. â€Å"It weakens you. It is very dangerous.† â€Å"It was for you,† I said, dreamily. I felt like one of those oracle priestesses out of some old myth: seized by some spirit not her own, a spirit that then speaks from her mouth. â€Å"They wanted to poison you.† â€Å"Yes,† he said. I thought, I have been so tired, these last two months. I have got used to that too. I have told myself it is just part of – having had what happened, happen. You do not get over something like that quickly. I had told myself that was all it was. I had almost believed it. I had believed it. The cut didn’t heal because it didn’t heal. Poisoned. Weakening me. Killing me is what he meant. Note that vampires can also be tactful. All those hours in the sunlight, baking the thing, the hostile presence on my body. I’d known it was hostile, although I hadn’t admitted it. I hadn’t taken the next step of thinking â€Å"poisoned.† Sunlight was my element; and so I turned to sunlight. And sunlight was the only thing that did any good, and it didn’t do enough. Because the wound was poisoned. That was out of some story where there would be an oracle priestess somewhere: the poisoned wound that did not heal. I’d already been wondering how I was going to get through the winter, when I couldn’t lie outdoors and bake some hours every week. Been learning not to think about wondering how I was going to get through the winter. He was silent, waiting for me to finish thinking. I looked at him: glint of green eyes in the moonlight. Don’t look in their eyes, I thought. Tiredly. This would have been a nasty shock to him too, of course. Finding out his ally is a goner. I was too tired to look at him. I was too tired for almost anything. Sometimes it is better not to know. Sometimes when you do know you just fold up. â€Å"Sunshine. I know a little about poisons. This is not something your human doctors can distill an antidote for.† This was even better than his repeating that neither of us had any chance against Bo. By dying I was going to ruin his chances too. It’s funny: I was actually sorry about this. Maybe I was a little delirious. Maybe too much had been happening lately. Maybe I was just very, very short of sleep. â€Å"There is something that can be done. Can be tried.† Pause. â€Å"It is not easy.† Oh, big surprise. Something wasn’t going to be easy. I tried to rouse myself, to react. I failed. â€Å"But can you trust me?† More happy news. Not just something to be done, but a vampire something. Which doubtless meant it would have more blood in it. I don’t like blood. I mean, I like it fine, inside, circulating, carrying oxygen and calories to all your stay-at-home cells, but slimy seeping pink hamburger gives me the whim-whams. Can you trust me, he said. Not will you. Can you. Good question. I thought about it. It will not be easy. Yes, okay, that was a given. I didn’t have to think about that. Can I trust him? What have I got to lose? What if his something is something I can’t bear? There are all sorts of things I can’t bear. I’m not brave to begin with, I’m very, very tired, I’m spongy with post-traumatic what have you, and I very nearly can’t bear what I did last night with a table knife. And I may be a homicidal maniac. â€Å"Yes,† I said. â€Å"Yes. I think so.† He didn’t exhale a long breath, as a human might have done, but he went motionless instead. It was a different kind of motionlessness than not moving. Having said yes I felt better. Less tired. Evidently still delirious, however, because I bent toward him, touched the back of his hand. â€Å"Okay?† I said. A little silence. â€Å"Okay,† he said. I had the sudden irreverent notion that he’d never said â€Å"okay† before. Spend time with humans and have all kinds of unusual experiences. Laughter. Slang. â€Å"It will not be tomorrow night,† he said. â€Å"Perhaps the night after.† â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"See you.† â€Å"Sleep well,† he said. â€Å"Oh, sure, absolutely,† I said, trying for irony, but he was already gone. I left the window full open. I wanted as much of the fresh night air in the room with me as possible. There was a tiny chiming from one of the window charms. It was a curiously serene and hopeful noise. I must have looked pretty rough that morning too. It occurred to me that everybody at the coffeehouse was treating me like an invalid while trying to pretend they weren’t treating me like an invalid. I wanted to tell them that they were right, I was an invalid, that mark on my breast that only Mel knew was still there was poisoned, and I was dying. I didn’t say any of this. I said I was still short of sleep. Paulie turned up an hour before time that morning saying he didn’t have anything better to do, but I was pretty sure Mom had called him and asked if he could come in early. I think Mom had figured out that the charms she was giving me were going somewhere like into the Wreck’s glove compartment, so she had begun stashing them around the bakery where maybe I wouldn’t find them but they could still do me some good. Since my unwelcome speculations about dark family secrets the other night in Jesse’s office I had begun to wonder what all Mom’s charms were for, exactly. She’s always been something of a charm freak; I’d put it down to eight years in my dad’s world. I found two new ones that morning: a little curled-up animal of some sort with its paws over its eyes and a red bead where its navel should have been, and a shiny white disc that rainbows ran across if you held it up against the light. I left them where I found them. Maybe I should let them try to defend against whatever they could. I had some fellow-feeling for the small curled-up creature with its hands over its face, even if the red alien parasite was lower down on it than it was on me. Charms are often noisy, which is another reason I don’t like them much, but you aren’t going to hear extraneous buzzing and burbling above the general din at Charlie’s. Especially on shifts when I had to spend some time in the company of a genially humming apprentice. Mel was working that afternoon but Aimil had the day off from the library. She wandered back into the bakery with a cup of coffee toward the end of my stint, said she’d just found out about an old-books-and-junk sale in Redtree, which was one of the little towns between us and the next big city to the south, she was going to go, and did I want to come along? I should probably have gone home and taken a nap, but I didn’t want to. So I said yes. A nice little outing for the doomed. Furthermore Aimil talked about library politics the whole way there and didn’t once mention nocturnal neighborhood excitements. So by the time we arrived at the village square in Redtree I was in the mood. Ordinarily I love this kind of thing without any effort. Someone who does coffeehouse baking for a living doesn’t have huge amounts of disposable income, but the point about books-and-junk sales is that you never know what you may find for hilariously cheap. There are fewer people since the Wars than there had been before, and less money (don’t ask me how this works: you’d think if there were fewer people there would be more money to go around), so there is a lot less motive for dealers to discover specialist markets for old, beat-up, weird, or obscure-looking and possibly Other-related stuff. Plus a lot of people don’t want to think about old, beat-up, weird, obscure-looking, and possibly Other-related stuff because it reminds them of the Wars, or what life had been like before the Wars, i.e., better. The result is that a lot of very interesting nonjunk gets heaved into the nearest box for the next garage sale. Furthermore, almost nobody wants to read the gormless old fiction about the Others which is my fave. I picked up a copy of Sordid-Enchantments on the title alone, and the fourth, and most icky and rare, volume of the Dark Blood series, which I was no longer sure I wanted to read – the heroine has a choice to die horribly or become a vampire horribly, and she chooses to die. If I’d realized how gross it was going to get after the first volume I wouldn’t have bothered – but I’m a completist, I had the first three, and hey. I was feeling pretty good. In spite of last night. Or in an even funnier way, because of it. It was like I had two days out of time. Everything was on hold until†¦either the vampire-something worked, or it didn’t. Jesse and Theo had been at a table under the awning when Aimil and I left Charlie’s, and I’d nodded and kept going. I hoped nothing had come up they wanted to talk to me about. Nothing was allowed to come up for the next two days. I was on vacation in my own mind, cinnamon rolls at four a.m. or not. It must have been Paulie’s influence, but I was positively humming a tune – an old folk song about keeping a vampire talking till sunrise: not one of your brighter vampires – while I burrowed through a big sagging cardboard box of junk. Chipped china teacups. Dented tin trays. Small splintery wooden boxes with lids that no longer closed. A bottle opener shaped like a dragon with an extremely undershot lower jaw and pink glass eyes. Pink. The Dragon Anti-Defamation Society should hear about this. At the bottom, when I touched it, it fizzled right through me, like I’d put my arm in a cappuccino machine. I knew it had to be some kind of ward – nonwarding charms are kind of stickier – but a live ward shouldn’t be in the bottom of a box of cheap junk at a garage sale. Maybe it had fallen out of one of the splintery boxes. I hesitated, then picked it up to get a better look. Gingerly. It had now got my attention, so presumably it wouldn’t feel the need to scramble my arm like an egg again. I didn’t recognize the style or the design. It was an oval, not quite the length of the palm of my hand, with a slightly raised edge, the whole of it thick and heavy, like an old coin, before the mints got mean and started stamping out pennies that sometimes bent if you dropped them edgewise on a hard floor. It was silver, I thought, or plate; it was so tarnished I couldn’t make out clearly what was on it, except that something was. Three somethings: one each on top, middle, and bottom, rather like an old Egyptian glyph. The only thing I could say for sure was that they weren’t any of the standard Other-preventive sigils I knew of, nor the all-purpose circle-star-and-cross one. The most interesting thing was that it was live. Very live. Wards aren’t necessarily as master-specific as most charms, and if they aren’t actively in use they can molder quietly for a long time and still be capable of being wakened and doing some warding; but even one that’s been tuned to you specifically shouldn’t leap avidly out at you and wag its tail like a dog wanting to go for a walk. I could have put it back. I could have taken it to someone in charge and said â€Å"You’ve made a mistake. This one still works.† But I didn’t. It seemed to like lying there in my hand. Don’t be ridiculous, I thought. It’s not responding to me personally. As a soldier in the dented-tin-tray army they shouldn’t be expecting real money for it, but that could only be because they hadn’t noticed it was live. It was still worth a try. I took the two books and the tarnished ward to the suspicious-looking character at the card table with the rusty money box, who snatched them out of my hands as if he knew I was trying something on. But he was so preoccupied with whether or not he should sell me Altar of Darkness (in which it takes the heroine four hundred pages to die), which was certainly worth more than the seventeen blinks for two, which is what the sign on the drooping book table said, that he barely registered my little glyph. I’d done piously outraged innocence when he started haranguing me about Altar and a few of his other customers scowled at him and muttered about fairness. I won that round. So when he looked at the glyph and said â€Å"fifty blinks† I sniffed so he would know that I knew he was a brigan d and a bandit, and let it pass. He knew more about books. Even a dead ward made out of silver plate was worth more. A blink is a dollar, and has been since after the Wars, when our economy went to pieces, and the average paycheck disappeared in the blink of an eye. What was more interesting was that he’d touched the glyph and hadn’t said â€Å"Wow! That was like putting my hand in a cappuccino machine!† Aimil had been watching my performance with a straight face. â€Å"Well done,† she said, when we got back to the car. â€Å"Dark Blood Four as two for seventeen blinks! Zora will be mad with jealousy. Now what is that little thing?† I was balancing my glyph on the top of the books, and I watched as she picked it up. That Mr. Rusty Money Box hadn’t registered anything was one thing; if Aimil didn’t register either it was something else. She didn’t say anything about a feeling like having her funny bone hit with a hammer. â€Å"Hmm. It’s quite – appealing, isn’t it? Even all blackened like this.† â€Å"Appealing†? Maybe it had decided that making people’s hair stand on end wasn’t such a good way of making friends and influencing people. â€Å"Can you figure out any of what’s on it?† She frowned, turning it this way and that in the light. â€Å"No clue. Maybe after you get it polished.† Dessert shift that night was notable only for the number of people who wanted cherry tarts. They were catching on. Rats. I didn’t really like little electrical gadgets – most of the other so-called home bakeries in town used kneading machines, for example, which I thought beneath contempt – but there was no way I was going to be making cherry tarts without one. I’d already said I would only make individual tarts and customers had to order them with the main course to give me enough lead time. And they were still catching on. I didn’t want cherry tarts to turn into another Death of Marat. When I was first installed in my new bakery and messing around with the heady implications of Charlie’s having built it for me, I’d been having fun with puddings that look like one thing and you stick a fork in them and they become something else. A Gothic sensibility in the bakery is not necessarily a good thing. I’d made this light fluffy-look ing number in a white oval dish with high sides and presented the first one with a flourish to a group of regulars who had volunteered to be experimented on. Aimil was the one with the knife, and she stuck it in and the raspberry-and-black-currant filling had exploded down the side and over the edge of the dish onto the counter. It was, I admit, a trifle dramatic. â€Å"Gods, Sunshine, what is this, the Death of Marat?† she said. Aimil reads too much. Everybody at Charlie’s that night wanted a taste, and the Death of Marat, the first of Sunshine’s soon-to-be-notorious, implausibly named epic creations, was born, although I think most of our clientele thought Marat was some kind of master vampire. (Aimil is good at names. She’s responsible for Tweedle Dumplings and Glutton’s Grail and Buttermost Limit too.) The problem is that for months after I was getting constant requests for the damn thing, and light, fluffy puddings with heavy fillings are a br ute to make. Our long-time regulars still ask for it occasionally, but I’m older and meaner now and say â€Å"no† better. I will make it if I like you enough. Maybe. Well, the cherry season doesn’t last long around here; I’d be back to apple pie before Billy’d had time to miss doing the peeling. (Unless I found some other source of cheap child labor I might have to get an electric peeler in another year.) It was true that Charlie’s did almost everything from scratch and that anything that one of us wasn’t good at didn’t get done at all, but it was also true that our loyal customers were compelled to be biddable. If I decided I didn’t feel like doing cherry tarts outside of fresh cherry season they could like it or eat at Fast Burgers ‘R’ Us. When I got home I fished last night’s sheets and nightgown out of the tub where they’d been soaking the bloodstains out (just like the Death of Marat without Marat), hauled them downstairs, and stuffed them in the washing machine. If Yolande had noticed the amount of laundry I’d been doing in the last two months she never said anything. How to cite Sunshine Chapter 11, Essay examples

Integrated Marketing Communications Hotels and Resorts

Question: Discuss about theIntegrated Marketing Communications for Hotels and Resorts. Answer: Introduction: The importance of an Integrated Marketing Communication plan in an organization cannot be overemphasized. It is one of the significant business strategies employed by the business organizations of the modern world, to ensure that the message of an organizations brand is being properly conveyed to the respective stakeholders. The Mermaid chain of Hotels and Resorts, is expanding in different exotic locations, such as Indonesia, and hence it is absolutely important to communicate the brand image of the organization in a highly effective way, so that can conduct stable and successful business in the South East Asian region (Yeshin, 2012). Discussion: Incorporating the Use of Social Media The Mermaid Chain of Hotels and Resorts while expanding its business in the South East Asian region, must under no circumstance underrate the importance of social media. Undoubtedly, the organization has its own page on the social media tools, such as Facebook and Instagram, yet in order to establish its relation with the Indonesian consumers, it is important to adopt an innovative social media strategy that best suits the Indonesian consumers. Reports suggest that Facebook pre-dominates the social media world in Indonesia, and hence adopting the same for the purpose of introducing and promoting the brand will be more effective (Percy, 2014). Statistical Data Showing the Use of Social Sites in Indonesia Source: (Szromnik, 2016) The organization will not merely create a Facebook page for the consumers, but will need to add attractive pictures of the site of the resort, its natural environment and natural setting, highlighting the cool and pleasant ambience, and the close to nature scenery. The Mermaid group of Hotels and Resorts should not simply post the advertisements, but must offer a video that tells a compelling story of the enjoyment of visiting the resort. It is to be noted that Indonesia is located in Asia, and consequently like any other Asian country, its inhabitants believe more in collectivism rather than individualism. Hence, the videos shared on Facebook will reflect the joyous adventure and blissful outing of a family, or a group of friends, and not just an adventurous wanderer. Connecting with a foreign culture is necessary if the organization is willing to connect with the people of a foreign country. Besides, it is also important to make the potential consumers of a new market feel valued, so that they can easily form a valuable relation with a foreign brand. Hence, the organization will be offering abundant number of travelling tips to the Facebook users, and the demographic option on Facebook will make it easier for the organization to capture the attention of the users interested in travelling. The time frame required for this strategy is two months. The advantage of this strategy is that it will help in increasing the recognition and brand awareness of the organization in a foreign land, by drawing the attention of the relevant consumer base. The only disadvantage of this strategy is that the organization must invest sufficient time on the social sites, or else unchecked negative feedback may tarnish the reputation of the organization (LuschVargo, 2014). Incorporating the Use of Traditional Media With the widespread use of social media, the importance of traditional form of media should not be understated. Traditional media coverage is as important as social media coverage for the organization. A local paper or a popular magazine of Indonesia should cover the travel story or the description of the unique facilities of the resort, so that it can reach out to a greater number of people. Creating a successful image or a new logo in a foreign market is highly important. Considering this fact, Mermaid group of Hotels and Resorts will not only be required to print write ups to allure the travellers, but must also add attractive images of a man basking in the sun, or a woman lying on the pristine, white beaches. The whole idea is to entice the potential consumers, by enhancing their image of the resort, and its natural surroundings. The time frame for this strategy id 1 week. The advantage of this traditional media strategy is that it can increase the awareness of the public about the organization against a highly affordable cost. In addition, it also offers greater flexibility than any other kind of advertising medium. The disadvantage of the use of traditional media, may not be reaching a wide mass of public, especially when the brand is a foreign one (Armstrong et al., 2014). Public Relations (PR) Strategy While promoting a product via traditional or digital media channels may not instantly capture the attention of the consumers, resorting to the PR strategy can help in the same. The PR strategy clearly shows that the organization is not paying for the promotion of its products, and thus helps a new, foreign organization like Mermaid win the credibility of the consumers in an easier way. PR strategy in the form of a clever and critical communication method, can easily be used to communicate the unique features of the service offered (Grunig, 2013). Five Areas of PR Strategy to be employed by Mermaid Group Source: (Created by the author) As the above figure states, the organization can employ the PR strategy with the help of frequent press releases, or by publicizing about the business success story of the Mermaid group, by holding interviews of the corporate executives of the resorts. This strategy can be highly effective, but attention has to be paid that the right areas are being exposed to the media. Hence, much supervision over the issues of media coverage is required. The time frame for this strategy is 2 weeks. The main advantage of the PR strategy is that the recognition earned through it is long lasting. The disadvantage of the PR strategy is that it can prove to be highly expensive if the organization hires a wrong firm. Product Endorsement Via Celebrities Hiring the local celebrities, belonging to the film industry, or to the sports field can help in the effective promotion of the brand, and its wider acceptability in a foreign market. Getting the brand represented by an Indonesian celebrity can boost the brand awareness of the organization in Indonesia. Further, popular cartoon characters of Indonesia, such as Entong and Jarwo, can be shown on television channels promoting the service of the resorts, as it will help in attracting the attention of the kids, who can consequently convince the parents in visiting the resort. The time frame for celebrity marketing strategy is 1 month. The advantage of the strategy is that it can help in easily persuading the consumers about the good quality of the service offered by the organization. The only disadvantage is that this is an expensive strategy as compared to the others (HackleyHackley, 2015) Developing Brand Image In order to develop the brand image in a foreign country, the organization must be able to adopt suitable logos that can easily appeal to the consumers. A logo of a brand carries the meaning and purpose of the organization, and a logo in one country should preferably be different from another. Indonesia, being an Asian country, has a rich cultural heritage, and hence it would be discreet to use an image of a unique art form or a traditional symbol as the logo of the Mermaid group. Further, the use of a tagline that reinforces the feeling of love and togetherness, such as Explore the Land with your loved Ones, can be an effective one in promoting the product (ShahrokhDadvand 2014). The timeframe for developing the brand logo is 2 weeks. The advantage of the brand development through logos and taglines, is that it helps in brand recognition of an organization in an effective way. Well-conceived taglines and well-designed logos are sure to catch consumer attention. The disadvantage is that in case the logo or the tagline is not chosen wisely and discreetly, it can easily lead the consumers establish unfavorable connections alluding to something outside business. Conclusion: Integrated Marketing Communication, when employed in an effective way, it can easily yield great benefit for an organization, especially if it is conducting business in a foreign land. By adopting the strategies discussed above, and incorporating the same in the Integrated Marketing Communication plan, the organization will be able to conduct successful business in the South East Asian region as well. Reference List: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing.Pearson Australia. Grunig, J. E. (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management.Routledge. Hackley, C., Hackley, R. A. (2015).Marketing and the cultural production of celebrity in the era of media convergence.Journal of marketing management,31(5-6), 461-477. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Percy, L. (2014).Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Shahrokh, Z. D., Dadvand, A. (2014). Investigating the Relatiobship Between Brand Development and Company Image;(Case Study: Nives Products).Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,3(10), 23 Szromnik, A. (2016). City Placement: a New Element in the Strategy of Integrated Marketing Communication of Cities.Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe,24(1), 113-132. Yeshin, T. (2012).Integrated marketing communications.Routledge.

Thoughts On Charles Tansley In To The free essay sample

Lighthouse Essay, Research Paper Ideas on Charles Tansley in To the Lighthouse In To the Lighthouse, Mr. Ramsay serves as a function theoretical account for Charles Tansley, and therefore has great influence on Tansley # 8217 ; s calling and positions toward adult females. Because Tansley is from an # 8220 ; unsuccessful # 8221 ; household, he needs a function theoretical account for success, which he finds in Ramsay. Tansley is remaining at the Ramsay house during a vacation in order to work on his thesis and to hold entree to Mr. Ramsay. Tansley greatly admires Ramsay, and hopes to affect him. # 8220 ; They knew what he ( Tansley ) liked best # 8211 ; to be for of all time walking up and down, up and down, with Mr. Ramsay, and stating who had won this, who had won that? # 8221 ; ( 7 ) . Charles Tansley is self-aware about being from a hapless, unsuccessful household. When Tansley walks with Mrs. Ramsay to the shop, he talks about the circus with # 8220 ; a uneasiness that made her wince # 8221 ; because his household could neer afford to see the circus ( 11 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Thoughts On Charles Tansley In To The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8220 ; My male parent is a chemist, Mrs. Ramsay. He keeps a store, # 8221 ; Tansley explains ( 12 ) . Tansley aspires to be far more than a # 8220 ; working adult male, # 8221 ; but fears that he may stop up no more successful than his male parent ( 12 ) . Therefore, Tansley feels the demand to turn out his rational capablenesss. His actions at the dinner party show his insecurity. # 8220 ; He had come down in his ordinary apparels. He had non got any frock apparels # 8221 ; ( 85 ) . Because Tansley is excessively hapless to afford nice vesture, he feels really self-aware. # 8220 ; He felt highly, even physically, uncomfortable. He wanted person to give him a opportunity of asseverating himself # 8221 ; ( 90 ) . Ultimately, Tansley is driven to win in life and get the better of his low background. Although the Ramsays are non rich ( 22 ) , Tansley admires Mr. Ramsay and considers him successful plenty to follow his calling way. Not merely does Tansley desire to be a professor of doctrine, he besides is composing his thesis on the same rare subdivision of metaphysics that Mr. Ramsay surveies. However, Tansley # 8217 ; s esteem for Mr. Ramsay is non limited to academic chases. A natural by-product of this mentor-protege relationship is that Tansley efforts to emulate Ramsay # 8217 ; s behaviour in all facets of life. When Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay argue about whether the conditions will be suited for a trip to the beacon, Tansley rushes to Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s defence, stating that the air current is # 8221 ; # 8216 ; due west # 8217 ; ? that is to state, the air current blew in the worst possible way for set downing at the Lighthouse # 8221 ; ( 5 ) . Tansley will frequently reiterate things that Mr. Ramsay says verbatim. # 8220 ; All these immature work forces parodied her hubby, she reflected ; he said it would rain ; they said it would be a positive twister # 8221 ; ( 15 ) . Because Tansley admires Mr. Ramsay and desires to go more like him, Tansley adopts Ramsay # 8217 ; s point of views in all countries of life. The primary effect of this emulation is that Tansley adopts Ramsay # 8217 ; s attitudes toward adult females. Mr. Ramsay has some regard for adult females, peculiarly Mrs. Ramsay. They portion a deep, loving relationship. However, because their most intimate communicating occurs without the usage of words, the true nature of their relationship is merely apparent to the all-knowing storyteller and to the twosome themselves ( 124 ) . In public, nevertheless, Mr. Ramsay uses Mrs. Ram state to reenforce his self-importance, and frequently dominates her. Woolf vividly describes Mr. Ramsay’s evocation of understanding from Mrs. Ramsay as â€Å"the waterless scimitar of the male, which smote pitilessly, once more and once more, demanding sympathy† ( 38 ) . Furthermore, Mr. Ramsay frequently becomes impatient with Mrs. Ramsay, whom, like most adult females, he considers stupid, and is unkind to her. â€Å"The extraordinary unreason of her comment, the foolishness of women’s heads enraged him. . . she flew in the face of facts, told prevarications. He stamped his pes on the stone measure. ‘Damn you, ’ he said† ( 31-2 ) . Later on, Mr. Ramsay feels guilty about his effusion, but an foreigner like Tansley neer views this ( 64 ) . All of this leads most uninformed perceivers to agree with Lily Briscoe’s judgement of Mr. Ramsay: that he â€Å"is spoilt ; he is a autocrat ; he wears Mrs. Ramsay to death† ( 24 ) . Although Tansley does non see all of these peculiar cases of Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s public mistreatment of Mrs. Ramsay, it is likely that during his stay he witnesses many others. In short, Tansley sees merely Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s cold, condescending behavior toward adult females, neer recognizing that Mr. Ramsay genuinely loves Mrs. Ramsay. Because Tansley can merely emulate the behaviour he sees, he begins to exhibit the same disdainful attitude toward adult females. At the beginning of the novel, it is non clear how long Tansley has been at the Ramsay house. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate how much his sentiment of adult females has changed already. It is just to presume, nevertheless, that Tansley has less regard for adult females than he does originally due to Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s influence. Indeed, Tansley begins to happen adult females to be far inferior to work forces and therefore handle them awfully. # 8221 ; # 8216 ; No traveling to the Lighthouse tomorrow, Mr s. Ramsay, # 8217 ; he said, asseverating himself. He liked her. . . but he felt it necessary to asseverate himself # 8221 ; ( 86 ) . Tansley does non restrict his contempt for adult females to Mrs. Ramsay. He tells Lily Briscoe that # 8220 ; adult females can # 8217 ; t pigment, adult females can # 8217 ; t compose # 8221 ; ( 48 ) . On rare occasions, Tansley treats adult females with regard. Lily, for illustration, has both positive and negative experiences with Tansley, yet sums up her feelings for him in one word: # 8220 ; grotesque # 8221 ; ( 197 ) . Clearly, Tansley # 8217 ; s occasional kindness toward adult females does non extenuate his general mistreatment of them. Tansley even makes wide indictments of all females. While at the dinner tabular array, Tansley ponders # 8220 ; what damned putrefaction they talk. . . he was non traveling to be condescended by these cockamamie adult females # 8221 ; ( 85 ) . Besides during dinner, Tansley decides that # 8220 ; adul t females made civilisation impossible with their # 8216 ; appeal, # 8217 ; their absurdity # 8221 ; ( 85 ) . More significantly, Tansley grows to dislike adult females so much that he feels they destroy his stay at the Ramsay house. # 8220 ; It was deserving while making one time, he would state, but non once more. The adult females bored one so, he would state # 8221 ; ( 90 ) . Mr. Tansley is unsympathetic in a manner, and yet I feel sympathy for him. He is so uncomfortable about who he is. I picture him in his worn Grey flannel bloomerss in the dinner scene, so witting of himself and how everyone perceives him. I don # 8217 ; t believe he means to be so unsympathetic, I think I know how he feels. He wants so much to suit in, to be liked, yet he doesn # 8217 ; t cognize how to move. So, this seemingly misogynous immature adult male could be absolutely lovely if he merely knew how!

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DS Assignment 9 - Coursework Example Moreover, science helps us in understanding the universe by freeing us from reliance on gut-feelings hopeless reasoning of our brains (Joomee, 2012). Additionally, common sense basically is a poor master when it comes to decision making. The other difference between science and common sense is that science has an established mechanism of controlling or eliminating other concepts (Joomee, 2012). This is precisely directed to concepts that do not explain a phenomenon with evidence. Contrary to this, use of common sense only pretend to use analytical methods in decision making but the truth is it is never used. Most philosophers always refer the term belief to mean the attitude we have whenever we acknowledge something to be the case or regard it to be true (Douglas, 2000). It is considered that most people have the tendency of believing in anything that comes from them even when it is blatantly contradicting (Douglas, 2000). There is connection between belief and common sense. It is clear that both don’t involve in active reflection of the scenario before making decision. In both cases decisions are reached on without engaging the mind in seeking evidence based on knowledge about the situation. The other connecting factor between beliefs and common sense is faith. In both scenarios most decision to do something arises due to strong faith the person has toward the belief or what his senses are directing (Friedman, 2004). Belief perseverance can broadly be defined as the tendency of passionately rejecting convincing proof or evidence and become even more tenaciously held when the belief has been publicly announced to the others (Douglas, 2000). This is a critical decision since it has adverse impact when it comes to critical thinking. Most psychologists have revealed that there people who naturally have the tendency of failing to admit foundational premises are incorrect

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Network Media Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Network Media Information Technology Essay Im a student of IADCS accessed by NCC Education at Myanma Computer Company in Yangon. Ive to study four core subjects and four elective subjects. In Enterprise Networking Assignment, we have to do handing over and sit exam to achieve that diploma. This assignment is intended to develop some of the heart features of the network and communication to point up the theoretical and practical understanding of the tools and techniques connected with enterprise networking. The tasks in this assignment can be more explored in categorize to acquire advantage of the additional sophisticated features of the network such as telephone system, two-way communications and network topologies. Acknowledgement Firstly I would similar to be grateful NCC Education for improving computer knowledge by preparing this assignment. Thanks also to my lecturer, U AUNG ZAW MYINT for his excellent management in a practiced effect. And also, special gratitude to my colleagues with their support made this assignment successfully. Finally, I wish to widen a deepest thanks to my parents who confident me to come to an end this assignment effectively. Task 1 How the topologies oerate In networking terms, topology refers not only to the physical layout of its computers, cables, and other resources, but also to how those components communicate with each other. A networks topology has a significant effect on its performance and growth potential. There is another terms that fit into topology scheme are Ethernet and token ring, these are sometimes referred to as LAN topologies. The media access method Ethernet uses in a shared-media environment (a logical bus). Token ring networks have a physical star topology but function as a logical ring. All network designs today are based on three simple physical topologies: bus, ring, and star. Bus network topology consists of a series of computers connected along a single cable segment. If this cable fails, the entire network crashes. Fig 1-1 Bus Network Topology Computers connected to form a loop create a ring topology network. A typical single-ring network fail if one computer in the ring fails, but a dual-ring network can operate around any such failure. Fig 1-2 Ring Network Topology A star network topology describes computers connected by cable segments to a central connection point (hub). Star topology doesnt specify how signals should travel from computer to computer, only that cables connect computers to a central device. Fig 1-3 Star Network topology Advantages and disadvantages of network media Media Types Advantages Disadvantages UTP (Twisted pair cable) least expensive, easy to install, widely available and widely use can over only a limited distance, susceptible to interference STP (Twisted pair cable) reduced crosstalk, limit the effects of external interference more resistant to EMI than Thinnet or UTP more expensive than UTP difficult to work with, can over only a limited distance, more fragile than UTP cables Coaxial Cable less susceptible to EMI interference than other types of copper media Less bandwidth than fiber Installation expenses are lofty, Difficult to work with, is not supported for some network standards (eg. Token ring), more susceptible than fiber optic cable Fiber- optic cable is not susceptible to EMI resistant to interference as any media can get, can transmit through longer distance The most expensive form of cabling, expensive to install , difficult to terminate Recommendation I want to recommend setting star network and twisted pair cable (UTP) for the following reasons. Star topology is the relative ease of troubleshooting because all computers connect at a central location; an administrator can quickly and easily isolate network problems involving a single device or cable segment without affecting other devices. Twisted pair (UTP) cable is the common use for star network topology. In UTP cabling, category 5 (cat5), category 5e (cat 5e), category 6 (cat 6) are by far the most popular types. UTP is particularly prone to crosstalk. It is used for telephone system and two-way communication. UTP is common in most office buildings and other work environments. Task 2 Task-2 Internet services The internet services provide for Communication, Information and File transmission all around the world. The following appliance are the most commonly use for internet services. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -responsible for transferring e-mail. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) -use for file transfer and manipulation services Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) -use to transfer Web pages from a Web server to a Web browser. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)- use to access linked documents on the World Wide Web that are located on a secure server. Post Office Protocol (POP3): specifies how e-mail clients can identify itself to the server and request that mail messages be made available to the user. Connection speeds The connection speeds that are suitable for the above services are as follows: Services Speeds Information 100 Kbps Communication 28 Kbps(mail) Video conferencing just 384 Kbps File transmission over 1 Mbps Examples of ISP in our country Myanmar Post and Telecommunication (http://www.mpt.net.mm/mpt/index.htm) Myanmar Post and Telecommunication offers a variety of access services from dial-up connection (low speed, low cost) like Internet Dial-Up Account or Pre-paid Access Kit to different kind of Broadband Services (high speed, additional voice options) like Broadband Wireless, ADSL or IPSTAR. Depending on your locality, your current telephone line connection, your budget and your requirements, Myanmar Post and Telecommunication can advice you which Access Service will suit you best. To adapt the Access Services even more to your personal wishes you can choose out of different user plans for each service. Recommendation By any way, we have to choose Myanmar Post and Telecommunication because it is not only the only ISP in Myanmar but also a Government Association. It aims that To rapidly build up the market by taking advantage of high capacity satellite and broadband wireless technologies To ensure network flexibility supporting multiple service type ranging from basic voice to advanced multimedia streaming. To provide complete communication service to anybody, anywhere in Myanmar by achieving 100% network converge nationwide. Task 3 Task- 3 Method for Two-way voice communication A full-duplex is data transmission in both two directions at the same time. Land-line is a good example of full-duplex communication in a telephone networks since they allow both directions of callers to speak and be heard in the same time. Examples: Telephone, Mobile Phone, etc. A half-duplex system supports the communication for two directions, but only one caller can speak at a time. If one caller transmits the signal, another caller must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting. Antennas are of one of the type of trans-receiver that transmit and receive. Examples: walkie-talkie style two-way radio. DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) DECT is not only used mostly in house/miniature office systems but also accessible in various PBX systems used medium and enterprise businesses. This system can be utilized for cordless phones. Voice applications are usually common nowadays. Data applications be, but have been covered by Wi-Fi. 3G cellular (WCDMA) is absolutely full with both DECT and Wi-Fi for not only voice but also data. DECT operates on different frequencies: 1880MHz, 1900MHz, 1910MHz, 1920MHz, and 1930MHz. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) GSM has been continually improved to offer platforms that distribute broad range of mobile services. Where the industry started voice calling, there is a powerful platform able to mobile broadband and multimedia services. Its system is now utilized for 219 countries and more than three billion people are using it. GSM is the industry standard for mobile voice and data. GSM is one of the cellular technologies that used to transmit the signal and data services. GSM activates on four different frequencies; 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900MHzs. This phone system uses transmission of digital and there is a maximum power output of 2W. Legal Requirements In our country, MPT (Myanmar Post and Telecommunication) supports mobile communications plan and agree to DECT (Digital Enhance Cordless Telecommunication) technology. Allocation of frequencies for two-way voice communication In the radio-telephone system, there was one central antenna tower per city, and perhaps 25 channels existing on that tower. This central antenna meant that the phone needed a powerful transmitter big enough to transmit 40 or 50 miles (about 70 km). It means that not many people will use radio telephones there just were not enough channels. The brilliance of the cellular system is the division of a city into small cells. This allows extensive frequency reuse across a city, so that millions of people can use cell phones simultaneously. There are different frequencies operate with the Federal Communication Commission use in DECT and cordless phones. 43-50MHz (base: 43.72-46.97MHz, Handset: 48.76-49.99MHz allocated in 1986 fir 10 channels, and later 25 channels, FM system) 1.7MHz (1.64MHz up to 5 channels, AM system) 900MHz (902-928 MHz, allocated in 1990) 1920-1930MHz (DECT Cordless Phone) 1.9 GHz (DECT Phone Standard) 5.8  GHz (allocated in 2003 due to crowding on the 2.4  GHz band). 2.4GHz (recently MPT allow) Licensing Requirements for two-way voice communication As Newtown Fire Department is one of the Government Association, it will not need licenses for communication. In our nation, Myanmar, the national radio communications controller Ministry of Defense control the reunion of radio frequencies. Radio frequency licenses are not usually issued free of charge and the cost of the license can be different greatly depending on country and type of usage. Operating within FCC rules and conventions is the liability of the actual end user. The FCC can fine organization up to $10,000 per day for failure to comply with the rules and conventions! Licensing is an essential piece of the conundrum, and as vital as any other detail when renting 2-way radios. operate on channels with a bandwidth of 12.5 KHz or less (narrowband) disappointment to comply 1,2031 deadline may result in annulment of license must be capable of operating in 6.25 KHz mode activate on 25 KHz channels Costs of setting up and operating system Handsets Type of Description Costs KIRK 7010 Handset Includes battery, excludes charger and power supply à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 250,00 KIRK 2010 Handset, EU Version Includes battery, charger, power supply, belt clip and belt clip connector à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 92,00 KIRK 4040 Handset Includes battery, excludes charger and power supply à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 274,00 Handset accessories Power Supplies Type of Description Costs Power Supply EU for KIRK 5020, 5040, 6020, 6040, 7010, 7020, 7040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Power Supply EU for KIRK 4020, 4040, 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 10,00 Handset accessories USB Cables Type of Description Costs USB Cable for KIRK 5020, 5040, 6020, 6040, 7010, 7020, 7040 handset chargers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Handset accessories Chargers Type of Description Costs Charger for KIRK 4020, 4040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Charger for KIRK 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 31,00 Charger for KIRK 5020, 5040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Handset accessories Safety Lines Connectors Type of Description Costs Safety Line with Connector for KIRK 4020, 4040, 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Safety Line Connector for KIRK 4020, 4040, 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2,00Licensing Type of Description Costs KWS600v3 Multi Cell License à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 206,00 KWS6000 User License, up to 30 users à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 0,00 KWS6000 User License, up to 150 users à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 736,00 KWS6000 User License, up to 500 users à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1.656,00 Services Type of Description Costs Premier Service, One Year, KIRK 2010, 4020, 4040, 5020,5040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 18,00 Premier Service, Three Years, KIRK 2010, 4020, 4040, 5020, 5040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 42,00 Premier Service, One Year, KIRK 4080 handset à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 48,00 Premier Service, Three Years, KIRK 4080 handset à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 116,00 Limitation of each method Limitations of DECT By using large varies of base stations to support building, it communicate with public telecoms network. 32 Kbit/s of net bit rate, that low for data communication. With good range (up to 200 meter insides and 6 kilometre spending directional antenna outsides, data rates of approximately 500 Kbit/s. DECT emerged one time to be a better unusual to Wi-Fi. DECT activates in 1880-1900  MHz band and defines 10 channels. Each base station framework offers 12 duplex communication channels with one time fit occupying any of channels. Interference-free wireless operation to approximately 100 meters outdoors. Operates clearly in common crowded domestic radio traffic situations. For example, generally resistant to intervention from Wi-Fi systems or video dispatchers, Bluetooth equipment, baby monitors and other wireless devices. Limitations of GSM Data transfer rates will reach up to 171 kbps with General Packet Radio Service which not only splits the mobile call into packets but also allows each phone to use several channels. Technical limitations force a set of maximum cell site range of 35 km of GSM Data speeds up to 9.6 Kbit/s are available. Wavelength: 10 Meter and above, frequency range: 890-915MHz (mobile transmit) and 935-960MHz (base transmit). External Interference: There is another transmitter outside the network such as TV transmission, Railway Station frequency, and microwave links. Recommendation I want to recommend setting DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) for two-way voice communication for the following effects: Several handsets can be use in each base station and each phone line socket. This let several cordless telephones to put in the region of house, all in action with the same telephone jack. There are a battery charger stations in the add handsets instead of a base station. The extra handsets do not need extra telephone sockets or extra transceivers. Capability to make internal (intercom) calls between handsets. Broaden series talk-time, sometimes available to 24 hours. Matrimonial cordless telephone, employing a solo base station to attach one or more handsets to the civic telecoms net, which is now accessible. Civic access, employing large numbers of base stations to offer elevate ability construction or inner-city area treatment as part of civic telecoms net. Unlike the GSM  standards, does not identify any internal facets of the preset network itself. Connectivity to the preset network which might be of a lot of separate types is made through a base station to come to an end the radio link, and a gateway to attach calls to the preset network. Task 4 Task-4 Telephone System available in our country Telephone system is one of the important parts of requirements for Fire Department. Satellite phone are required for a serious incident such as a major terrorist attack or war and then line phone and PBX system are needed. For this department, four line phones are needed at least and four satellite phones for Chief Fire Officer and three watch officer. For each firefighter, the extensions of line cordless phones are required to call form the center via two way voice communication. Line Phone A telephone line is a single-user circuit on a telephone communication system. These refers to the physical wire or other signaling medium connecting the users telephone apparatus to the telecommunications network, and usually also implies a single telephone number for billing purposes reserved for that user. There must be wires to connect with line phone. These wires connect with Local exchange via trunk lines. These wires were generally copper, although aluminum has also been used, and were carried in balanced pairs separated by about 25 cm (10) on poles above the ground, and later as twisted pair cables. Nowadays, modern lines may run underground, and may carry analog or digital signals to the exchange, or may have a device that converts the analog signal to digital for transmission on a carrier system. Moreover there are connecting with jacks RJ11 jack for the departments and homes. Private branch exchange (PBX) system PBX is also an exchange system for telephone. This exchange will serves for Fire Department to communicate easily and cheaply within the Department. It makes connections among the internal phones and then connects them to PSTN (public switched telephone network) by using trunk lines because there is incorporation with phones, fax machines, modems, and more. The extension is used to communicate with each other. The PBXs advantage was cheap for internal phone calls Now PBX became popularity and it started the services such as hunt groups, call forwarding, and extension dialing etc. The advantages when using the VOIP PBX system: Free internal calls Allow virtual incoming numbers to breaking long distance barriers and virtual call centers on anywhere. Easy and quick implementation within the existing PBX infrastructure can be gained with inexpensive Analogue Telephony Adapters that will convert signals from your existing mostly analogue phone lines into VoIP extension. Disadvantages: Dependent on internet connection damageable in the case of power outages for emergency calls, the system cannot be used a) The main equipment that are needed for Fire Department The system components for PBX station are the following. Cabinets, vaults, closets Another housings Wires for interconnection The PBXs switching network. Microcomputer that use for data processing and control. Many cards such as Logic, switching and control, power and Related equipments for PBX operation. Phone Handsets and stations called lines. Telco trunks to communicate public phone network at the outside. The operator is allowed by switchboard to control incoming call. For electricity, High performance UPS (Uninterruptible power supply) b) The features of PBX system The following are main features in PBX system. To dial other extensions To dial outside lines To make an enquiry call to another extension whist connected to an external call To transfer the external call to the extension where an enquiry call had just been made c) Cost of equipments and installation Equipments Costs Installation Costs For each Line Phones, Fire Department will pay $1,600 and PXB installation is $ 2,000. The services charges are estimating $ 800. So totally amount, four line phones and PBX station and services charges are almost $ 9,200. d) Costs of Operating for monthly No. Type of Description Prices 1 2 3 4 Phone Bill for four lines and extensions monthly PBX Operator Salary Bill services for phone company PBX equipment maintenance services $ 350 $ 200 $ 25 $ 75 Total Amount $ 650 Recommendation For Fire Department, telephone system is one of the important parts of requirements. Line phone and PBX system are needed. And then, satellite phone are required for a serious incident such as a major terrorist attack or war. For this department, four line phones are needed at least and four satellite phones for Chief Fire Officer and three watch officer. For each firefighter, the extensions of line cordless phones are required to call form the center via two way voice communication. Task 5 Task-5 If the Newtown has no electrical power or fixed telephone lines being broken, there should be an emergency using of appliance. We can use not only mobiles, walkie-talkies, and satellite phones but also generators which has the voltage of over 6600kva. Satellite Communication Satellite communication can be extremely useful for the users who are situated in vastly remote areas, and cannot access a broadband connection. Satellite receivers on the ground consist of satellite telephones, mobile reception, direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, equipment in aircraft and handheld devices. Two-way voice communications are available. Data rates: 64 Kbit/s. The satellites provide a relay link to the home land earth station from the mobile terminal. Mobiles communications (GSM) Two-way voice communications are available. Can transmit 10 meter and above. Frequency range: 890-915MHz (mobile transmit) and 935-960MHz (base transmit). It is ideal for emergency services and all kinds of personal communications. Walkie-talkies Two-way voice communications are available. Hand-held transceivers can use to communicate between each other, or to vehicle-mounted or support stations. Maximum range is around 2 miles (3kilometers). Frequency range: 49 MHz band (shared with cordless phones, baby monitors, and similar devices) as well as the 900 MHz band.. Task 6 Task-6 Report for Fire Department To Mr. STER BERD November 14, 2010 (Chief Officer, Fire Department) Newtown, Green Road, No. 1111 B. From Ms. KHIN SANDAR PHYO KHINE (Network Engineer) Network Department, Red Links Company Pyay Road Report Title : Recommendation from the view of network engineers for Fire Department The Fire Department has been restructured and is opening a new headquarters building in the Newtown. I have to demonstrate an understanding of the network requirements for a new headquarters including a computer network, telephone system and two-way voice communications with staff on call in fire engines and fire department cars. Firstly, I think star topology is suitable for network design. Because star topology can be management easily and locate problem easily and then it is more expand than Bus and Ring topology. Moreover, in my opinion, I think UTP is more able to use for star topology. Due to cheap, easy installation and widely available and widely use. Secondly, I suggested about the internet connection requirements for the Fire Department. Our age became the age of internet. For Fire Department, it is needed to know the information of fire and to be contact easily. Therefore, I described Internet services, required connection speed and Internet services providers (ISPs) and its prices for requirements. And I said the methods could implement for two way voice communication. There are two kinds of it such as full duplex and half duplex. I had estimated of cost for setting up and operation system including licensing costs and equipment costs. I suggested the limitation of each system. Moreover, I explain the telephone systems available in our country for single-site organization like Fire Department. In the section, I explain the line phone, PBX for extension and satellite phone. The main equipments, features, costs and costs operation the system are explained. In this section, if there is an event of a serious incident such as a major terrorist attack or war, I suggested how can work the operation of Newtown having no electrical power and fixed telephone lines being broken. Sincerely, KHIN SANDAR PHYO KHINE KHIN SANDAR PHYO KHINE (Network Engineer)

Essay --

Brian McGrath Mr. Miller Accelerated US History I 25 February 2014 In the early part of the 18th century, the British government implemented salutary neglect toward its colonies with limited engagement in economic and political affairs. From across the Atlantic, Britain enacted protocols such the Navigation Laws and the Molasses Act, but enforcement of such trade regulation was minimal. The colonists and British existed in symbiosis. The colonists benefited from a relationship without great limitations and displayed a friendly and appreciative attitude toward the British; the British held the colonists on a long leash and reaped the benefits of the fertile and productive land offered by the New World. However, the French and Indian War drastically altered this mother-daughter relationship, significantly changing the ideological, political, and economic association between Great Britain and its American colonies. When the British saw the necessity for imperial control, colonists were repulsed by the unexpected disrespect they received. The aftermath of the war revealed British politi...

Developmental History

Aaron (not his real name) was 3 years old and 4 months and 5 days on the day his mother was interviewed for this case study report. Aaron has a medium structure but is tall for his age, he likes to move around a lot, he is now able to run and play on his own with little supervision especially if he is inside the house. He likes going to the groceries and playing with the cans on the shelves. He can speak in short sentences but still uses baby talk when he asks for something. His first word was Mama and he actually grunts and giggles a lot. He is not comfortable with strangers or with anything new.He seems to have a slow to warm up temperament. But once he feels secure, he can actually be very friendly and interacts well with other people. He is potty trained and have started using pull-up diapers instead of the regular ones. He likes to work on coloring books and he has tons of scribbled papers. He gets bored watching TV, he does not even like Barney, but he likes music and he become s very alert when he hears Mozart or Beethoven. He likes toys that he can move, bang, throw and manipulate. He already has good fine motor skills as he can hold his spoon and eat on his own. However he can’t still button his own shirts..His favorite foods are oranges, vegetables and chicken. He also drinks apple juice with his meal. He still asks for his bottle when going to sleep but can use a sippy cup during the day. Aaron however sucks his thumb when he is sleepy or when he is feeling insecure. Health and Physical Condition Aaron was born through normal delivery, his mother was 25 when she gave birth and was the first born. His mother was healthy and did not have any severe medical conditions before and during the pregnancy. However, she had a case of urinary tract infection around 6 months into her pregnancy but was treated successfully with antibiotics.She also had a positive disposition during her pregnancy and she ate the right foods and dutifully took her vitamins an d regularly had her prenatal check-ups. Aaron passed the newborn screening test in flying colors, he was 7. 6 pounds, had the normal head circumference and height and he was already screaming when he came into the world. After 2 days in the hospital, he went home, however, he was supposed to be breastfeed but he had difficulty in it as his first feeding was from the bottle, his mother also had difficulty nursing him as she was a firs time mother.The doctors advised that he be placed on the bottle on an infant formula. He did not have any problems after this. Aaron was overweight when he was 5 months old, he has a very regular sleeping and feeding schedule and he sticks to it even if there are distractions. He liked to jump on his mother’s lap and he used his feet more than his hands at this stage. At 6 months, he changed his milk formula and he suffered from constipation, he had to be placed on different milk formula which was not constipating and was on a soft diet. After 2 days, he was able to resume normal bowel movement.He also had bouts of colic especially during the day. He does not cry much but when he does cry it took him a long time to quiet down. His mother noticed that he seemed to shiver when he cries and go blue when he does not get what he wants. When he is angry or upset, he will cough or make vomiting actions. The mother was alarmed with this behavior but when she talked to her pediatrician, he said that Aaron was merely trying to get his own way by vomiting and turning blue because when he checked him he was really just a normal child. The mother has learned not to reinforce vomiting or holding his breath and this have now disappeared.At one year old, Aaron was hospitalized for diarrhea and vomiting, he was having high grade fever and was throwing up and had very loose bowels. He was brought to the hospital because he was already showing signs of dehydration. He stayed in the hospital for 3 days and came home fine. His teeth came out in pairs and started when he was 9 months old, at 1 year and 4 months, he already had 8. He seemed to have the colds and low grade fever whenever his teeth were coming out. He has not been dropped, had his head banged or fell from the stairs. He started walking at one year old and was running before he reached 2 years old.He did not have any illnesses up to the time of the interview. Health and Medical Analysis From the case study presented, it seemed that Aaron’s major health condition that has brought about medical attention was on his digestive system. He had constipation, colic, indigestion; diarrhea and vomiting at a young age this would imply that he has a weak stomach or a very sensitive digestive system. He had been on infant formula since he was born and it could be that his stomach have not adapted as well as children who have been breastfeed (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000).He also had been using distilled water since he was born and it could be that his stomach does not have the friendly bacteria that normal children have. The problem is that Aaron likes food; he has a healthy appetite but since he suffers from indigestion or diarrhea he might lose his love for eating because it was the source of his discomfort, however, at present Aaron has not shown any aversion to food. In the future, Aaron may have more instances of diarrhea because when he gets older, his mother would have lesser control over what he eats (Berk, 2005).At present he is being taught to always wash his hands before eating and to not place anything on his mouth, but the difficulty is that he still sucks his thumb before going to sleep. It is recommended that the mother try to introduce Aaron to regular water and juice and to have him eat different foods so his stomach would be accustomed to it. It was also recommended that the mother bring this to the attention of the pediatrician and to learn more about how to keep the digestive system healthy and functioning well. References Berk, L. (2005). Factors affecting growth and physical health. In Infants and children: Prenatal through middle childhood 5th ed (pp. 293-303). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Shonkoff, J. & Phillips, D. (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early  childhood development. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.